... Major A. G. Leonard says that among the tribes of the Lower Niger "there is no direct or pronounced adoration of the celestial bodies, which, as subservient to the Creator, are unconsciously included in their annual obeisance to, their one great effort of recognition of, him."  Elsewhere he speaks of the "entire absence of any existing worship of those higher natural objects, such as the sun, the moon, and the stars, or any ceremonial connected with them," but he saw in many of the Juju houses in the Ibo interior rude clay images, purporting to be emblems of the sun, moon, rainbow, and stars.  This kind of adoration of natural objects he considers to be more specific than general.  The purely negro races do not worship the sun.  Here and there, however, instances of a kind of Sun-worship appear.  Thus the Ja-luo believe in a Supreme God whom they call "Chieng," which is also the name of the sun.  When a man comes out of his house in the morning he spits towards the east, and in the evening he spits towards the west. (Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection, Budge, v.1, 1911)